whether seated or standing. As Barnette noted, a school cannot enforce uniformity of thought “by word or act,” 319 U.S. at 642, and standing is an act. Federal district courts have followed suit, saying in one instance that: The right to differ and express one’s opinions, to fully vent his First Amendment rights, 2
Schools are places for growing, inquiring minds. Th e process of growth often includes questioning or rejecting established values. And that can be uncomfortable for school authorities. On the other hand, to create an educational environment, schools must be able to impose a certain degree of discipline and order.
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